Sawal: Kuch ulama ne kaha ke jaayez hai. Magar jo Fatawa e razaviya vol 22 page 222 mein risala hai. Murujun nija le khurujin nisa usme to mamnoo samajh mein aa raha hai. Thodi wazahat farma dein.
Jawab: Aurto ko likhna sikhana Makrooh hai, Iski Asl Imam Baihaqi ki Bayan Ki hui wo Hadees hai jo Unho ne Sha’bul Iman mein Hazrat Aisha Siddeeqa Razi-Allahu Ta’ala Anha se Naql ki hai ke
“Rasoolullah Sallallahu Ta’ala Alayhi Wa Sallam ne Farmaya Aurato ko Baala Khaano par na basaao, aur unhe likhna na sikhaao, aur kaatna sikhaao aur Surah e Noor ki Ta’leem do”
Magar ye (Mana Karna) Tanzeehi hai.
(1) Hadees mein Sanad o Matan ke lehaaz se Suboot e Shakki, Isbaat e Qata’i aur Talab e Kaff, Jaazim hai. Jisse karahat e Tanzeehi ka suboot hota hai.
(2) Kitabat (likhna) koi aisi cheez nahi jo Haraam li zaatihi ho (yaani jis ki bina par likhna haraam ho).
Balke Fi Nafsihi likhna to ek achchi cheez hai. Uske andar karaahat ek khaariji Amr (fitne ka ehtemaal) ki waja se hai.
(3) Mazkoora Hadees mein ye bhi hai ke “Unhe Kaatna sikhaao aur Surah e Noor ki Ta’leem do”.
Isme Hukm Istehbab ke liye hai Na ke Waajib hai.
Aur Is baat se Mana karna ke “unhe Baala Khaano mein na basaao”
Iska Tanzeehi hona bhi suboot hai.
Jiski tauzeeh ye hai ke Hadees mein 2 cheezo se roka gaya hai, aur 2 cheezo ka Hukm diya gaya hai.
(1) aurato ko baala khaane mein thehraane aur
(2) unhe likhne ki ta’leem dene ki Mumaana’at hai.
Aur (1) kaatna sikhaane aur
(2) Surah e Noor ki Ta’leem dene ka Hukm hai.
Zaahir hai ke yahan Amr (Hukm) apne Asli Ma’na (wujoob) mein Musta’mal nahi.
Kyuke Khaas “Surah e Noor ki Ta’leem” aur Kaatna Sikhana Waajib nahi. Balke pehle mein Hukm Istehbaab ke taur par hai (yaani surah noor ki ta’leem Mustahab hai) aur dosre mein Ibaahat ke liye hai (yaani kaatna sikhaana mubaah hai).
Yuhi Aurato ko Baala Khaane mein Thehrana Na Jaayez o Haraam nahi.
Balke Fitne ke ehtemaal ki waja se Makrooh hai aur ye Karaahat tanzeehi hai, na ke tahreemi.
Haan! Jahan Fitne ka Khauf Sahih Ho yaqeenan Karaahat Tahreemi hogi.
Lekin Agar Baala Khaane mein thehrana Fitne ka Ehtemaal na rakhta ho to bilkul karaahat na hogi.
Aaj ke zamaane mein jab ke Shahro aur Qasbo mein kai kai Manzilo (floors) ki imaaratein (buildings) hoti hain aur Lakho ki Ta’dad mein log apne Ahl o Ayaal ke sath upar ki manzil mein Rehte hain.
Balke neeche ke muqaable mein upar ki manzil mein rehna Jaan o Maal ki Hifazat ke liye zyada Mauzu hai jaisa ke Hum Mushaahda karte hai.
To is surat mein Baala Khaane (upari manzil) mein Aurato ko Thehraane mein Fitne ka Ehtemaal Nahi. Lehaza Karahat bhi nahi.
Haan jahan Ek Manzil ki imaaratein zyada ho aur Baala Khaane wale makanaat bahot hi kam ho to wahan Aurato ko Baala Khaane mein Thehraana Fitne ke Ehtemaal ki waja se Makrooh hoga aur jis tarah ka Ehtemaal hoga Mumaana’at ka hukm bhi waisa hi Hoga.
Qareeb Qareeb yahi surat “Kitaabat e Niswaan” (Aurato ko Likhna sikhaana) mein bhi hai.
Agarche Kitaabat Achchi cheez hai.
Qur’an e Pak me Irshad hua (Jisne Qalam se Likhna Sikhaaya)
Hadees e Paak mein Aulaad ke Huqooq mein Ta’leem e Kitabat ko bhi shumar farmaaya
Ke Haq e Aulaad mein se ye bhi hai ke Waalid use Likhna sikhaaye.
Lekin! Chunke Aurato ke Kitaabat Seekhne mein Fitne ka ehtemaal hai Ke wo Khat o Kitaabat ke Zariye Gairo se Rasm o Rawaah kar sakti hai. Isliye Zaraaye (Raasto) ko band karne ke taur par Mana kiya gaya.
Magar ye Mumaana’at Tahreemi nahi.
Balke Karaahat Tanzeehi ke taur par hai. Isi liye Shaikh Ahmad Shahabuddeen Makki Ne “Fatawa Hadeesiyah” mein saraahat ki hai.
Jin Ulama ne Kitaabat e Niswaan ke Ta’alluq se “Mana” ka lafz istemal farmaya hai. Unho ne isi Tanzeehi par Mamnoo ka itlaaq kiya hai.
Fatawa Razaviyyah Mein ek jagah ye Hukm hai ke “Aurato, Larkiyo ko Likhna Sikhana Mana hai”
Dosri Jagah ye Hukm Darj hai “Larkiyo ko Likhna Sikhaana Makrooh”.
Dono Ibaarato ka Matlab ek hai.
Yaani Mamnoo makrooh par Mahmool hai.
Haan Agar kahin Ehtemaal e Fitna ka Galba ho to Karaahat Tahreem Ke liye hogi.
Garz Hukm ka Daar o Madaar Fitne ke ehtemaal par hai. Agar Fitna ka Ehtemaal Muntafi ho (na paya jaaye) to illat na hone ki waja se Mumaana’at ka Hukm bhi Nahi Rahega. Aur Kitaabat (Likhne) ka Ilm Bilaa Karaahat Jaayez hoga.
Jaisa ke Sahaabiyaat mein Ummul Momineen Hazrat AISHA SIDDEEQAH, HAZRAT HAFSAH, HAZRAT SHIFA BINT ABDULLAH, AISHA BINT TAL’HA Razi-Allhu Anhunna wagairaha Ne Kitaabat ka Ilm Seekha aur isse unho ne Islam ki Badi Khidmaat Anjaam di.
Iske baad ke zamaano mein bhi bahot si aisi Auratein milti hain jinho ne Ilm e Kitaabat seekha,
HAZRAT AISHA BINT AHMAD QARTABI, MUSH’HIDA BINT AHMAD DENORI, FATIMA BINT ALAUDDEEN SAMARQANDI, MARYAM BINT YA’QOOB ANSARI, FATIMA BINT QAZI MAHMOOD wagairahaa apne waqt ki behtreen kaatibah (writer) thee.
Inka likhna Aisi dhaki chupi baat na thi ke inke zimmedaaro ko khabar na ho. Lehaaza ye baat daleel hai ke in hazraat ke nazdeek “Kitabat e Niswaan” Mutlaqan Mamnu o Makrooh na thi.
Balke Fitne ka ehtemaal na hone ki waja se ye log jawaaz ke qaayel the.
Shifa bint Abdullah Kehti hain ke “Main Ummul Momineen Hazrat Hafsah ke paas thi itne mein Rasool e Paak Sallallahu Ta’ala Alayhi Wa Sallam Tashreef laaye aur Irshad farmaya
“Kya Hafsah ko Namla ka Mantar na Sikhaayegi. Jaise use Likhna Sikhaaya” Imam Hakim ne Mustadrak me is Hadees ko Sahih Kaha hai.
Is Hadees ke Tahet Mulla Ali Qari ne Khattabi se Adam e Karaahat ka Qaul Naql kiya hai phir us par Mana Waarid kiya hai.
Sahaabiyaat ke ilaawa bahot si Jaleelul Qadr Faqeeha, Aabida, Zaahida aurato ne bhi na sirf Likhna seekha balke Unke Husn e Kitabat ka Tazkirah Muarrikheen ne kiya hai.
Is liye Faisla kun baat yehi kahi ja sakti hai ke Jahan Ehtemaal e Fitna na ho wahaan Hadees e Jawaaz par Amal hoga aur jahan Fitne ka andesha ho Hadees e Mumaana’at par Amal hoga.
Note: Aaj Jab ke Khat o Kitaabat se Ziyaada Mobile Phones wagaira Raabte (Contacts) ke Mazboot Aur Chupe hue Zaraaye Wujood mein Aa chuke hain Aur Khat wagaira likhna to Taqreeban khatam ho chuka hai.
Baher Haal is zamaane mein khat o kitaabat ke “zariya” banne ki wo Ahmiyat nahi jo Guzishta zamaano mein thi.
Aur jab koi zariya fitne ke ehtemaal mein qawi (mazboot) rahega Hukm e Mumaana’at mein Shiddat Rahegi.
Aur Jab wahi Zariya zamaane ke badalne ki waja se mazboot na reh jaye to Hukm e Mumaana’at bhi Halka ho jaayega.
Balke agar wo zariya taqreeban khatam ya Kam yaab ho to Hukm e Mumaana’at bhi uth jaayega.nnIska Matlab ye nahi ke “Khat o Kitaabat” Is zamaane mein Gairo se Rasm o Rawaah ka Zariya nahi hai.
Lekin Itna zarur hai ke Dosre Posheeda Zaraaye iblaag ki waja se ab iski wo haisiyat nahi jo pehle thi.
AL HAASIL agar Khaandaani ya Shaksi Halaat ke Pesh e Nazar Aurato ko Likhna Sikhaane mein Mutlaqan Fitne ka Ehtemaal na ho to Jaayez hoga Aur Agar Ehtemaal ho to Ehtemaal ke Mutaabiq Hukm e Karaahat hoga.
Wa-Allahu Ta’ala A’lam
Khalifa e Huzoor Tajushshariah
Mufti Maqsood Akhtar Qadri Razvi Amjadi
Khadim Dar al-Ifta Ridawi Amjadi